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CLASS OF COMBUSTIBLE AND FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

 

 

 

 

Combustible Liquid: A liquid having a flash point at or above 100 °F (38 °C).

 

Class II:     Flash point > 100 °F (38 °C) and flash point < 140 °F (60 °C).

Class IIIA: Flash point > 140 °F (60 °C) and flash point < 200 °F (93 °C).

Class IRB: Flash point > 200 °F (93 °C).

 

Note: When a combustible liquid is heated for use in a solvent extraction circuit to within 30 °F (17 °C) of its flash point, it should be handled in accordance with the requirements for the next lower class of liquids.

 

Flammable Liquid: A liquid having a flash point below 100 °F (38 °C) and having a vapour pressure of 40 psia at 100 °F (38 °C).

 

Class 1A: Flash point < 73 °F (23 °C) and boiling point < 100 °F (38 °C).

Class 1B: Flash point < 73 °F (23 °C) and boiling point > 100 °F (38 °C).

Class 1C: Flash point < 100 °F (38 °C) and flash point > 73 °F (23 °C).

 

Flash Point: The lowest temperature a which a combustible or flammable liquid will give off enough vapours to form an ignitable mixture with air.

 

Lower Flammable Limit: The percentage of vapour in the air above which a fire can not occur because there is not enough fuel (the mixture is too lean).

 

Upper Flammable Limit: The percentage of vapour in the air where there is not enough air for a fire to occur (the mixture is too rich).

 

Vapour Density: The weight of a combustible or flammable vapour compared to air (air = 1). Vapours with higher densities than air tend to be more hazardous because they can flow along the floor and collect in low spots.

 

Requirements for Combustible Liquids: Electrical wiring and components in solvent extraction plants with combustible liquids (class II or class IIIA) should be suitable for general purpose locations.

 

Requirements for Flammable Liquids: Electrical wiring and components in solvent extraction plants with flammable liquids (1A, 1B, or 1C)  should be suitable for class I, division 2 hazardous locations.

For more details regarding: Electrical Requirements for SX Plants

 

Note: The organic phase in most solvent extraction plants that use kerosene as a diluent have a flash point above 140 °F (60 °C) and are handled in accordance with the requirements for class II or class IIIA combustible liquids.

 

 

Diluents used in Solvent Extraction Plants: (Combustible Liquids)

Class

Name

Flash Point

Boiling Point

Aromatic

(°F)

(°C)

(°F)

(°C)

(%)

IIIA

Isopar M

177

80

424

218

0.01

IIIA

Solvesso 150

145

63

354

179

98

IIIA

Escaid 90

147

64

369

187

0.01

IIIA

Escaid 110

170

77

392

200

0.5

IIIA

Varsol 140

148

64

369

187

20

IIIA

Penreco 170ES

170

77

370

187

-

IIIA

Calument400-500

175

79

400

204

<0.01

IIIA

Oxfom SX 1

174

79

376

191

-

IRB

Oxfom SX 11

222

106

450

232

-

IIIA

Oxfom SX 12

150

66

370

187

20

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Extractants used in Solvent Extraction Plants: (Combustible Liquids)

Class

Name

Flash Point

Boiling Point

(°F)

(°C)

(°F)

(°C)

IRB

DEHPA

302

150

-

-

IRB

Cyanex 272

>227

>108

>572

>300

IIIA

Acorga M5640

167

75

-

-

IRB

Alamine 336

354

179

-

-

IRB

Aliquat 336

270

132

-

-

IIIA

LIX 984N

>160

>71

-

-

IRB

Tributyl phosphate (TBP)

305

152

266

130

 

 

 

 

 

 

Extractants used in Solvent Extraction Plants: (Flammable Liquids)

Class

Name

Flash Point

Boiling Point

(°F)

(°C)

(°F)

(°C)

1B

Methanol

52

11

147

64

1C

Methylisobutylketone MIBK

73

23

246

119

1B

Methyl ethyl ketone MEK

21

-6

173

79

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

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This page was last updated on 08/26/23

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